Cavities, also known as tooth decay, are one of the most common oral health issues. But, unless you’re experiencing pain or sensitivity, you may wonder, what does a cavity actually look like? Knowing how to identify a cavity early can prevent further damage to your teeth and reduce the need for more complex treatments. In this blog, Najmi dental will walk you through the visual cues of a cavity, what causes them, and how you can avoid them.
The Formation of Cavities
A cavity begins when plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, forms on the surface of your teeth. When you consume sugary or starchy foods, these bacteria produce acid, which gradually breaks down your tooth enamel. If left untreated, this process leads to holes in your teeth – this is what we call cavities.
They don’t develop overnight. Cavities go through different stages, each with its own appearance. Understanding what they look like at each stage can help you catch them before they worsen.
Early Signs of a Cavity
Before a full-blown cavity forms, there are subtle signs to watch out for. During the initial stages of tooth decay, you may notice:
- White Spots: These appear as chalky or dull areas on the surface of your tooth. This is one of the earliest signs that your enamel is weakening due to demineralisation.
- Minor Tooth Sensitivity: You might experience slight discomfort when eating or drinking hot, cold, or sweet foods.
In this early stage, the decay has not yet created a visible hole in the tooth, but it’s time to act. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste, cutting back on sugary foods, and seeing your dentist regularly can prevent the decay from progressing.
What a Full-Blown Cavity Looks Like
When decay has progressed further, a cavity becomes more obvious. Here’s what to look for:
1. Visible Holes or Pits
As the bacteria penetrate deeper into the enamel, you’ll notice small holes or pits in your tooth. These are most noticeable on the chewing surfaces of your molars but can occur on any tooth.
2. Brown or Black Discolouration
Cavities often appear as brown, black, or grey spots on the teeth. This discolouration is a clear indication that decay has set in, and it’s time to visit a dentist before more serious damage occurs.
3. Rough or Jagged Edges
If you run your tongue over the surface of your tooth and feel rough or sharp edges, it could be a sign that the enamel has worn away due to decay.
4. Cracks or Breaks in the Tooth
Advanced cavities can lead to cracked or broken teeth, particularly in the back molars where chewing puts the most pressure. If the cavity is left untreated, it can reach the inner layers of the tooth, leading to more painful symptoms and even requiring root canal treatment.
Pain and Sensitivity
Pain is often one of the last symptoms to appear, but by this point, the cavity may have already caused significant damage. You may feel:
- Sharp pain when biting down or chewing
- Lingering sensitivity after eating or drinking something cold, hot, or sweet
- Throbbing toothache, especially at night
If any of these symptoms sound familiar, it’s crucial to book an appointment with your dentist. Ignoring the issue can lead to infections or even the need for a tooth extraction.
How Dentists Diagnose Cavities
It’s always best to catch a cavity early before it causes major damage. Regular dental check-ups allow your dentist to spot the early stages of tooth decay. Dentists use digital X-rays and special tools to probe your teeth and look for soft spots or discolouration that could indicate decay.
Your dentist may also use dental sealants to protect your teeth from future cavities, especially if you’re prone to decay in certain areas.
Preventing Cavities
Preventing cavities starts with good oral hygiene habits. Brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, and limiting your intake of sugary snacks are essential. But sometimes, even with the best care, cavities can develop, especially between teeth where brushing alone may not be enough. That’s why it’s important to maintain regular visits to your dentist for professional cleanings and fluoride treatments.
Conclusion
Cavities may seem like a minor issue at first, but their impact on your overall oral health can be significant if left untreated. By understanding the early signs of tooth decay – such as white spots, discolouration, or sensitivity – you can take steps to prevent further damage. Regular dental visits, good oral hygiene, and timely treatment are your best defence against cavities. If you spot any of the visual signs we’ve discussed, don’t wait—schedule an appointment with Najmi Dental to keep your teeth healthy and strong. After all, a proactive approach
